Session Four: detection of aliphatic hydrocarbons aromatic halides alkanes alkenes stammerer carb

Elkin identify bromine solution in carbon tetrachloride

Reaction

Mechanism:

Physical properties:

colorless reaction environment.

Chemical properties:

Generally, two types of reactions on alkenes is done. The first category are those that are done in the π bond, so the π bond is destroyed and new bonds are formed. The second batch reactions, reactions that are other solutions that have particular relevance to the double bond, occur. Or other factors such as alkyl groups attached to the carbon sp2 Balaazdsth Mybashnd.vaknsh first.

Of error ;

must also be said phenol and aniline reacts with bromine water color it eliminate the complexity Brndvaml make errors in their response.

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msds: https://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9927659

Bayer test strip permanganate ion test:

Reaction:

Physical peropertis

In general, the physical properties of alkenes same Lkanhast. Alkenes in nonpolar solvents such as ether, chloroform and dichloro methane solution, but is insoluble in water and are lighter than water. Alkenes boiling point increases with the number of carbon. Except for a small alkenes, alkenes boiling point to increase one carbon atom between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius increases. Such as alkanes, alkenes branched latest reduces the boiling point.

Qtbytr of alkanes alkenes are slightly small due to the nature of this polarity is induced electron and electron. When the alkenes, groups with more power is induced, a small dipole moment increases.

Chemical propertise
Generally, two types of reactions on alkenes is done. The first category are those that are done in the π bond, so the π bond is destroyed and new bonds are formed. The second batch reactions, reactions that are other solutions that have particular relevance to the double bond, occur. Such as alkyl groups or other factors that are attached to the carbon sp2.

Complication

Color de permanganate, alkene compounds does not lead to prove, but there are some group shows permanganate oxidizing agent. Tested combinations, may be an alkene, or alkyne aldehyde but the possibility that any other compound that oxidizes easily, there are also

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Test Baylshtn

The end of a copper wire in a small circle circular wire on the flame lights off and the heat Bnsn. Then let it cool in the lab temperature. Unknown sample can then enter (the ring-stained unknown) and again the heat of the flame. His first after burning If burned body was in flames green color due to the presence of halogen

http://academics.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem211lab/Orgo_Lab_Manual/Appendix/ClassificationTests/halide.html

http://chemistry.gravitywaves.com/CHE301/Alkyl%20Halide%20Classification%20Tests.htm

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Alcoholic silver nitrate test

2) alcoholic silver nitrate test compounds are dissolved in water immediately respond to this test; RNH3X and [ROR] X

But water insoluble compounds are automatically divided into three categories:

1) Those that include: R3CCl, RI, RCHClOR, RCHBrCH2Br, RCH = CHCH2X

2) Those who answer the boiling point temperature Dhnd.mannd: R2CHCl, RCH2Cl, RCHBr2

3) Those who do not respond under any circumstances. Such as vinyl halide CH2 = CHX Varyl Vklrvfrm Holliday

Physical propertis:

The most important method is to identify the alkyl halide with an alcoholic solution of silver nitrate are heated for a few minutes. The precipitate that is insoluble in dilute nitric acid halide is detected. Halides specific reactivity combined with silver nitrate as RI> RBr> RCL is

Chemical properties:

Substituted reaction between silver nitrate and halide fully acropertiestive

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Friedel-Crafts reaction

Friedel-Crafts reaction (in English: Friedel-Crafts reaction) removable set of reactions in which an alkyl or acyl, with one of the hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring moves. This reaction is carried out in the presence of aluminum chloride catalyst. Friedel-Crafts reaction by Charles Friedel and James Crofts jointly and in 1877 was discovered. Generally, this reaction is shown in the following figure

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B4_%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D9%84%E2%80%93%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B3

Physical properties: change the color of the walls

Chemical properties: Reaction substituent

Complication

Aromatic esters, ketones, amines other compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen may also be blue or green

If there ALCL3 moisture is converted to aluminum hydroxide and other Friedel-Craft ALCL3 to respond if it becomes not the use of aluminum oxide is converted to heat our water. In this test should in no way be entered into the system if the water creates problems

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MECHANISM

MSDS

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Molisch's test

REACTION

MECHANISM

Physical properties:

Acid in the water phase is placed between two layers of color purple circle that represents the sugar is produced
Chemical properties:

concentrated sulfuric acid causes the hydrolysis of glycosidic connections, creating a monosaccharide monosaccharides produced loses its water and becomes furfural and its derivatives. This is then combined with Alpha Nftl complex color purple

msds

http://emc-msds.com/chemdocs/35/35228.pdf

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Test BarfOrd

REACTION

RCHO + 2Cu²⁺ + 2H₂O → RCOOH + Cu₂O↓ + 4H⁺

Physical properties:

red precipitate a monovalent copper oxide

chemicalproperties

Sediment build red

EROR

In performing these tests should be used as much Reagent excessive use leads to errors in testing the